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Julian Gardiner

Research Officer: Statistician | Wadham College

julian.gardiner@education.ox.ac.uk

About me

Julian Gardiner completed his PhD in Applied Statistics / Epidemiology in 2005 at the University of Cambridge. His thesis was on the application of Bayesian methods to correcting measurement error in dietary data in epidemiological studies. Since then, he has worked in a number of roles in the fields of epidemiology and child development / education.

In 2006-7 he worked in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge on studies of mental health issues in adolescents. There followed two years at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Population Health working on statistical analyses for studies of infectious diseases and maternal health.

In 2010-13 he was employed at Birkbeck, University of London in the Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues, working on modelling data from the Millennium Cohort Study and the National Evaluation of Sure Start. Research included investigating the effects of parental age on children’s physical, social and cognitive development. He has also held posts at University College London, working on cohort studies of health and ageing in Eastern Europe, and at Imperial College London, contributing to research on musculoskeletal health.

He joined the Oxford University Department of Education in July 2015 and has worked here for the last 9 years. During 2020 to 2023 he also worked 50% FTE for the UCL and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, contributing to studies of the long-term health effects of assisted reproductive technology (IVF) on men, women and children.

Research

Book chapters

Gardiner, J., Bolton, C., Sutcliffe, A., & Melhuish, E. (2019). The Educational Progress of Children in Out of Home Care in the UK. In Education in Out-of-Home Care (pp. 61-74). Springer Nature.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26372-0_5

Conference papers

Sutcliffe, A., Barnes, J., Belsky, J., Gardiner, J., & Melhuish, E. (2011). Health of children born to mothers aged 40 years or over, analyses of two national cohort studies. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96(A59).

Journal articles

Rees, P., Callan, C., Chadda, K., Diviney, J., Harnden, F., Gardiner, J., Battersby, C., Gale, C., & Sutcliffe, A. (2024). Childhood outcomes after low-grade intraventricular haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 66(3), 282-289.

https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15713
Venkatesan, T., Rees, P., & Gardiner, J. (2024). Potential Selection Bias in Preterm Infant Mortality Study-Reply. JAMA Pediatrics, 178(2), 206.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5585
Venkatesan, T., Rees, P., Gardiner, J., Battersby, C., Purkayastha, M., Gale, C., & Sutcliffe, A. (2023). National Trends in Preterm Infant Mortality in the United States by Race and Socioeconomic Status, 1995-2020. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(10), 1085-1095.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3487
Ereky-Stevens, K., Melhuish, E., Gardiner, J., & Barnes, J. (2023). Individual, family and neighbourhood factors related to life satisfaction and perceived discrimination among low-income, non-immigrant mothers in seven European countries. Journal of Family Studies, 30(3), 397-414.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2023.2236064 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d0a357ea-e123-45f7-9df8-3629f1cfd8b9
Arshad, A., Gardiner, J., Ho, C., Rees, P., Chadda, K., Baker, A., & Sutcliffe, A. (2023). Population-based screening methods in biliary atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 108(6), 468-473.

https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-324946
Rees, P., Callan, C., Chadda, K., Vaal, M., Diviney, J., Sabti, S., Harnden, F., Gardiner, J., Battersby, C., Gale, C., & Sutcliffe, A. (2023). School-age outcomes of children after perinatal brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 7(1), e001810.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001810
Arshad, A., Sutcliffe, A., Jain, V., Alizai, N., Rajwal, S., Kelly, D., Dhawan, A., Sharif, K., Gardiner, J., Davenport, M., & Baker, A. (2023). Reduced Presentation of Biliary Atresia During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Population Based Observational Study. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 76(4), 424-427.

https://doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000003706
Rees, P., Callan, C., Chadda, K., Vaal, M., Diviney, J., Sabti, S., Harnden, F., Gardiner, J., Battersby, C., Gale, C., & Sutcliffe, A. (2022). Preterm Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 150(6), e2022057442.

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057442
Siraj, I., Melhuish, E., Howard, S., Neilsen-Hewett, C., Kingston, D., De Rosnay, M., Huang, R., Gardiner, J., & Luu, B. (2022). Improving quality of teaching and child development: A randomised controlled trial of the leadership for learning intervention in preschools. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1092284.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1092284
Gardiner, J., Oben, J., & Sutcliffe, A. (2021). Obesity as a driver of international differences in COVID-19 death rates. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 23(7), 1463-1470.

https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14357
Purkayastha, M., Roberts, S., Gardiner, J., Brison, D., Nelson, S., Lawlor, D., Luke, B., & Sutcliffe, A. (2021). Cohort profile: a national, population-based cohort of children born after assisted conception in the UK (1992-2009): methodology and birthweight analysis. BMJ Open, 11(7), e050931.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050931
Eisenberg, M., Luke, B., Cameron, K., Shaw, G., Pacey, A., Sutcliffe, A., Williams, C., Gardiner, J., Anderson, R., & Baker, V. (2020). Defining critical factors in multi-country studies of assisted reproductive technologies (ART): data from the US and UK health systems. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 37(11), 2767-2775.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-020-01951-y
Melhuish, E., Barnes, J., Gardiner, J., Siraj, I., Sammons, P., Sylva, K., & Taggart, B. (2019). A study of the long-term influence of early childhood education and care on the risk for developing special educational needs. Exceptionality Education International, 29(3).

https://doi.org/10.5206/eei.v29i3.9385 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f8e88e96-2a29-4269-a576-8cf59ecae58d
Melhuish, E., & Gardiner, J. (2019). Structural factors and policy change as related to the quality of early childhood education and care for 3–4 year olds in the UK. Frontiers in Education, 4.

https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00035 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88a0cb2a-9402-47c8-9142-722a245c9c68
Bamia, C., Orfanos, P., Juerges, H., Schöttker, B., Brenner, H., Lorbeer, R., Aadahl, M., Matthews, C., Klinaki, E., Katsoulis, M., Lagiou, P., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H., Eriksson, S., Mons, U., Saum, K.-U., Kubinova, R., Pajak, A., Tamosiunas, A., Malyutina, S., … Trichopoulos, D. (2017). Self-rated health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality of older adults: Individual data meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies in the CHANCES Consortium. Maturitas, 103, 37-44.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.06.023
Sutcliffe, A., Gardiner, J., & Melhuish, E. (2017). Educational progress of looked-after children in England: A study using group trajectory analysis. Pediatrics, 140(3).

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0503 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:17491798-f8f5-417e-b733-7538a37fe6fb
Horvat, P., Gardiner, J., Kubinova, R., Pajak, A., Tamosiunas, A., Schöttker, B., Pikhart, H., Peasey, A., Jansen, E., & Bobak, M. (2016). Serum folate, vitamin B-12 and cognitive function in middle and older age: The HAPIEE study. Experimental Gerontology, 76, 33-38.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.01.011 https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:030935dc-9618-401e-997b-da1835121e54
Schöttker, B., Brenner, H., Jansen, E., Gardiner, J., Peasey, A., Kubínová, R., Pająk, A., Topor-Madry, R., Tamosiunas, A., Saum, K.-U., Holleczek, B., Pikhart, H., & Bobak, M. (2015). Evidence for the free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing from the CHANCES consortium: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMC Medicine, 13, 300.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0537-7
Gardiner, J., Sutcliffe, A., Melhuish, E., & Barnes, J. (2015). Paternal Age, Paternal Presence and Children’s Health: An Observational Study. Pediatric Reports, 7(1), 5659.

https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2015.5659
Barnes, J., Gardiner, J., Sutcliffe, A., & Melhuish, E. (2014). The parenting of preschool children by older mothers in the United Kingdom. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(4), 397-419.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.863728
Schöttker, B., Jorde, R., Peasey, A., Thorand, B., Jansen, E., Groot, L., Streppel, M., Gardiner, J., Ordóñez-Mena, J., Perna, L., Wilsgaard, T., Rathmann, W., Feskens, E., Kampman, E., Siganos, G., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E., Kubínová, R., Pająk, A., … Consortium on Health and Ageing: Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States, . (2014). Vitamin D and mortality: meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 348, g3656.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3656
Sutcliffe, A., Melhuish, E., Barnes, J., & Gardiner, J. (2014). Health and development of children born after assisted reproductive technology and sub-fertility compared to naturally conceived children: data from a national study. Pediatric Reports, 6(1), 5118.

https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2014.5118
Bobak, M., Schoettker, B., Kubinova, R., Pajak, A., Tamosiunas, A., Gardiner, J., & Jansen, E. (2014). The association of oxidative stress biomarkers with cardiovascular risk: prospective results from the HAPIEE cohorts. European Heart Journal, 35, 568-568.
Bobak, M., Pajak, A., Tamosiunas, A., Kubinova, R., Gardiner, J., & Jansen, E. (2014). Plasma concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease: a nested case-control study nested in a population-based cohort. European Heart Journal, 35, 725-725.
Basatemur, E., Gardiner, J., Williams, C., Melhuish, E., Barnes, J., & Sutcliffe, A. (2013). Maternal prepregnancy BMI and child cognition: a longitudinal cohort study. Pediatrics, 131(1), 56-63.

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0788
Hirose, A., Borchert, M., Niksear, H., Alkozai, A., Gardiner, J., & Filippi, V. (2012). The role of care-seeking delays in intrauterine fetal deaths among ’near-miss’ women in Herat, Afghanistan. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 26(5), 388-397.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01299.x
Sutcliffe, A., Barnes, J., Belsky, J., Gardiner, J., & Melhuish, E. (2012). The health and development of children born to older mothers in the United Kingdom: observational study using longitudinal cohort data. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 345, e5116.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e5116
Sutcliffe, A., Barnes, J., Belsky, J., Gardiner, J., & Melhuish, E. (2012). Health of children born to older mothers in the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 97(Suppl 1), a98 - A98.2-A99.

https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-301885.233
Hirose, A., Borchert, M., Niksear, H., Alkozai, A., Cox, J., Gardiner, J., Osmani, K., & Filippi, V. (2011). Difficulties leaving home: a cross-sectional study of delays in seeking emergency obstetric care in Herat, Afghanistan. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 73(7), 1003-1013.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.011
Sutcliffe, A., Barnes, J., Belsky, J., Gardiner, J., & Melhuish, E. (2011). Health of children born to mothers aged 40 years or over, analyses of two national cohort studies. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96(Suppl 1), a59 - A59.

https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2011.212563.135
Fuller, C., Besser, S., Cookson, B., Fragaszy, E., Gardiner, J., McAteer, J., Michie, S., Savage, J., & Stone, S. (2010). Technical note: Assessment of blinding of hand hygiene observers in randomized controlled trials of hand hygiene interventions. American Journal of Infection Control, 38(4), 332-334.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.10.005
de Vries, P., Gardiner, J., & Bolton, P. (2009). Neuropsychological attention deficits in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 149A(3), 387-395.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.32690
Fairchild, G., van Goozen, S., Stollery, S., Brown, J., Gardiner, J., Herbert, J., & Goodyer, I. (2008). Cortisol diurnal rhythm and stress reactivity in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 64(7), 599-606.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.022

Funded Research Projects

ROUTES study

I am currently working for Professor Julie Selwyn on the Department for Education funded ROUTES study of children who have grown up in adoptive or Special Guardianship families. My work focuses on the longitudinal analysis of children’s educational attainment.

Educational Endowment Foundation (EEF) study

I am also contributing to an Educational Endowment Foundation (EEF) study led by Dr Ariel Lindorff. This work assess the impact of EEF funded school interventions on reducing the learning loss caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.